[coordinate systems]
A method for identifying positions on the globe. This is often constructed with a grid that either refers to the earth's latitude and longitude (graticule), or a planar equivalent that divides grid lines by a fixed length from a predefined point of origin.
[modeling, standards]
A collection of abstract principles, numerical standards, conventional values, models, and specifications for quantitatively describing the positions of points in space and how these positions vary over time.