Can multiple users edit a file geodatabase at the same time?

Yes, it is possible to have multiple users edit a file geodatabase at the same time provided the users are editing:

• Separate stand-alone feature classes at the root level.
• Separate feature datasets (this is regarded as a workspace containing one or more feature classes).

If these rules are not followed, a schema lock error is received by all users editing the geodatabase, other than the primary user that locked the file geodatabase. If a file geodatabase is not editable at the current time, an appropriate message is received by the client application.