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State Plane Coordinate System
The State Plane Coordinate System (SPS or SPCS) is a set of 126 geographic zones or coordinate systems designed for specific regions of the United States. Each state contains one or more state plane zones, the boundaries of which usually follow county lines. There are 110 zones in the continental US, with 10 more in Alaska, 5 in Hawaii, and one for Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands. The system is widely used for geographic data by state and local governments. Its popularity is due to at least two factors. First, it uses a simple cartesian coordinate system to specify locations rather than a more complex spherical coordinate system. By thus ignoring the curvature of the Earth, "plane surveying" methods can be used, speeding up and simplifying calculations. Second, the system is highly accurate within each zone (error less than 1:10,000). Outside a specific state plane zone accuracy rapidly declines, thus the system is not useful for regional or national mapping. ... more
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System Design Strategies
System Design Strategies is an exclusive resource for the successful design and deployment for geographic information systems technology. This documentation is provided to share system architecture design methodology and the fundamental principles that contribute to system performance and scalability.
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A type of map characterized by large-scale detail and quantitative representation of relief, usually using contour lines is?