ArcGIS Maps SDK for JavaScript supports Mapbox vector tile styles, but they require a quick preprocessing step before loading.
Because ArcGIS loads style resources via standard web requests, it cannot resolve custom mapbox:// URL schemes directly. To fix this, fetch the style JSON and rewrite any internal mapbox:// URLs to HTTPS.
The attached application demonstrates this complete conversion workflow end-to-end to ensure your style loads reliably: https://codepen.io/U_B_U/pen/gbgdjBd?editors=1000
To see the app working, use the Mapbox access token.