The Upload Service Definition tool publishes data without registering the datastore. The datastore is not displayed in ArcGIS Server Manager, ArcGIS Enterprise Sites, and ArcGIS Data Store.
To publish an offline service definition created with the Reference Registered Data option, the data must be registered with the server ahead of time. If the data is not registered, publishing cannot succeed. This issue is not reproducible as the tool displays an expected failure for this case.