The issue looks to be specific to how the photos were brought onto the computer. All of the GPS metadata is removed when sending the photos through a message or through Teams, but the GPS properties stay in the image metadata when it is sent through an email directly and then save the photo as a JPEG.
The tool works as expected when using the method of sending it through an email and saving it as a .jpeg file after doing so. Because of this, it does not look like it is an issue with the tool itself (or ArcGIS Pro), but rather the GPS data being wiped on depending on how it is sent.