In Web AppBuilder for ArcGIS, queries using URL parameters do not work when a feature service is being consumed in the web map, and the query is made on the basis of the layer ID or the layer name.
This issue is not reproducible when the query parameters are properly entered. For more information on how to construct the requests, refer to the following document, https://doc.arcgis.com/en/web-appbuilder/manage-apps/app-url-parameters.htm#ESRI_SECTION1_ED1AF7A40ABD4F0F8F6456F51850A1E7.