In ArcGIS Experience Builder, filtering does not work when there is a maximum record count set within the hosted feature layer tied to the filter and export options get compromised.
This issue is not reproducible. To control the export options to allow only filtered records or all records, the following documentation states: https://doc.arcgis.com/en/experience-builder/latest/configure-widgets/action-triggers.htm#ESRI_SECTION1_C5FD058F77CD4EA2BBBB8394DCFFE53A states "You display data records in a Table widget and want users to have the option to export the data. With Allow export enabled for the data source, they can click the Actions button on the Table widget and export selected records or all records." This functionality works as expected.