Configuring the spatiotemporal datastore on Linux fails if the ArcGIS Data Store service is started using the systemctl start arcgisdatastore.service command.
Current documentation shows to set file handle limits to 65536.
'File handle limits are set too low (soft=65535, hard=65535). Add
the following lines to /etc/security/limits.conf:
ags soft nofile 65536
ags hard nofile 65536'
Moreover, after logging out and in, a restart of service is necessary and documented.
'After changing process, file, and virtual memory limits, you must restart ArcGIS Data Store.'
http://enterprise.arcgis.com/en/system-requirements/latest/linux/arcgis-data-store-system-requirements.htm
解决办法
Start the ArcGIS Data Store service using the startdatastore.sh script in the installation path.