Certain layers in ArcMap are published to ArcGIS Server 10.5 successfully with WFS enabled, but do not include geometry in the Web Feature Service (WFS) service.
1. Publish to ArcGIS Server 10.4.1 or 10.5.1.2. Rebuild the layers: a. Save a layer file from the original layer. b. Open a new .mxd or simply delete the old layers out of the old .mxd. c. Add the original data. d. Set all layer properties the same as the original layer. e. Import symbology from the saved layer file.