This issue is addressed in ArcGIS Pro 3.6. The geopackage must be created in ArcGIS Pro 3.6, which prevents the problem from being reproduced.
解决办法
Create a custom .prj file based on epsg.io/22033.esriwkt (Esri WKT of Camacupa 1948 UTM zone 33S/WKID 22033).
Overwrite a copy of the CAM_S33_Polygon file geodatabase feature class with the Define Projection (Data Management) tool, and set the Coordinate System parameter to the .prj from Step 1.
Create a new feature class in the GeoPackage and set the spatial reference of the feature class to the custom .prj from Step 1.
Use the Copy (Data Management) tool to copy the features from Step 2 into the GeoPackage feature class from Step 3.