This issue is addressed in ArcGIS Pro 3.2.
The Calculate Field output variable in the model must be set as a Model Parameter to automatically refresh the table when running as a model tool. The documentation here is being enhanced.
https://pro.arcgis.com/en/pro-app/3.0/help/analysis/geoprocessing/modelbuilder/model-parameters.htm
対処法
Run the model from ModelBuilder.
After running the custom model, right click the feature class and click 'Refresh'.