The Interpolate Shape tool in ArcGIS Pro returns the error message, "ERROR 000599: Falls outside of output geometry domains" when a raster surface has negative values and an udefined vertical datum.
Use the Define Projection tool to define a vertical datum to the raster surface, then the Interpolate Shape tool works correctly.
Alternately, output to a shapefile instead of a standalone geodatabase feature class, or output to a feature class inside a feature dataset with sufficient Z domain to hold the result (the default z min in meters of -100000 and z max of 900719825474 is usually sufficient).