Geoprocessing services published to ArcGIS Enterprise 10.8.1 cannot consume feature services from ArcGIS Online with a GUID field containing no curly brackets. This bug is related to BUG-000118582 (The GlobalID field is contained in braces in Portal for ArcGIS and not in ArcGIS Online).
This issue is not reproducible in the ArcGIS Pro 2.9 and ArcGIS Enterprise 10.9.1 web tool when testing with the feature service from the latest ArcGIS Online. It generates the output correctly using the workflow in the issue.
対処法
Perform Field Calculate on the feature service from ArcGIS Online. (https://support.esri.com/en/technical-article/000011677)
Use a python script with "{{{}}}".format("guid"). (https://community.esri.com/t5/geodatabase-questions/calculate-a-guid-field-with-a-value/td-p/814885)