HOW TO
Heat maps are commonly created to visualize the concentration patterns of geographic data using the density analysis of point or polyline data. A heat map uses color gradient to display and indicate the geographic density distribution across an area.
This article focuses on creating heat maps using the Density toolset of the Spatial Analyst extension in ArcGIS Pro. For more information on density analysis, refer to ArcGIS Pro: Understanding density analysis.
The following is a detailed usage overview of the Density toolset to create heat maps in ArcGIS Pro using point or polyline data.
Note: The Density toolset is only available with the Spatial Analyst license. To create heat maps without the Spatial Analyst extension, refer to ArcGIS Pro: Heat map symbology.
The Kernel Density tool calculates a magnitude-per-unit area from point or polyline features using a kernel function to fit a smoothly tapered surface to each point or polyline. Refer to ArcGIS Pro: How Kernel Density works for more information. In this example, a heat map is created using the point data layer of crime occurrences across Lincoln, Nebraska.
Note: The Kernel Density tool can be used to analyze point or polyline features.
The image below shows a heat map created using the default settings of the Kernel Density tool. In this example, the default values are as follows: Population field: NONE; Output cell size: 85.19; Area units: Square kilometers; Output cell values: Densities. The default value of the Method field is Planar, but it is changed to Geodesic (the recommended method). The symbology classification method is Equal Interval and is divided to ten classes.
Output cell size
A larger cell size returns a more pixelated output. A smaller cell size returns a smoother output.
Search radius
A larger search radius creates a more spread out pattern (a more generalized density raster), while a smaller radius creates a pattern concentrated towards the input (a more detailed density raster).
The Line Density tool calculates a magnitude-per-unit area from polyline features that fall within a radius around each cell. Refer to ArcGIS Pro: How Line Density works for more information.
In this example, a heat map is created using the polyline data of the major highways in Lincoln, Nebraska.
The image below shows a heat map created using the default settings of the Line Density tool. In this example, the default values are: Population field: NONE; Output cell size: 81.4188896; Search radius: 678.49; Area units: Square kilometers. The symbology classification method is Equal Interval and is divided to ten classes.
Output cell size
A larger cell size returns a more pixelated output. A smaller cell size returns a smoother output.
Search radius
A larger radius creates a more spread out pattern (a more generalized density raster), while a smaller radius creates a pattern concentrated towards the input (a more detailed density raster).
The Point Density tool calculates a magnitude-per-unit area from point features that fall within a neighborhood around each cell. Refer to ArcGIS Pro: How Point Density works for more information.
In this example, a heat map is created using the same point data layer used in the Kernel Density tool.
The image below shows the heat map layer created using the default values of the Point Density tool. In this example, the default values are: Population field: NONE; Output cell size: 85.19; Neighborhood: Circle; Radius: 709.948723; Units type: Map; Area units: Square kilometers. The symbology classification method is Equal Interval and is divided to ten classes.
Output cell size
A larger cell size returns a more pixelated output. A smaller cell size returns a smoother output.
Neighborhood
This field governs the shape of the area around each cell used to calculate the density value. The options are Circle (circular), Rectangle (rectangular), Annulus (ring-like shape), and Wedge (wedge-like shape).
Radius
A larger radius creates a more spread out pattern (a more generalized density raster), while a smaller radius creates a pattern concentrated towards the input (a more detailed density raster).
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