Is it possible to track data modifications in ArcGIS Server?

Answer

No, it is not possible to track data modifications in ArcGIS Server. ArcGIS Server logs only the server-side operations, such as publishing, registering data stores, site management, and security. The server logs do not track data modifications from the database end, such as editing and deleting feature services. For more information on ArcGIS Server logs, refer to the following web help document, ArcGIS Server: About Server logs.

However, data modifications can be tracked by enabling database archiving on the desired geodatabase through ArcMap. For more information on enabling archiving on a geodatabase, refer to the following web help document, ArcGIS Desktop: Enabling archiving. Geodatabase archiving provides the functionality to record changes from the database end. For more information on geodatabase archiving, refer to the following web help document, ArcGIS Desktop: Geodatabase archiving.

Note:
Data history can be viewed using the Geodatabase History Viewer. For more information, refer to the following web help document, ArcGIS Desktop: Working with the Geodatabase History Viewer.