Is it possible to use the CURRENT keyword in a stand-alone Python script?

Answer

No, it is not possible to use the CURRENT keyword in a stand-alone Python script. The sample below shows how to use the CURRENT keyword in a script:

import arcpy
aprx = arcpy.mp.ArcGISProject("CURRENT")

When attempting to run the script in a standalone environment, the following error is returned:

Error:
OSError: CURRENT 

This is expected behavior, as the CURRENT keyword only works within ArcGIS Pro and ArcMap.The CURRENT keyword references the arcpy.mp module to identify an open map in ArcGIS Pro. In a standalone environment, there is no map open which disables the ability to use the CURRENT keyword available in the ArcPy module.