Failed to connect to database. This release of the GeoDatabase is either invalid or out of date. DBMS table not found [Microsoft ODBC Driver XX for SQL Server]

Error Message

When trying to establish a connection between ArcMap, the ArcCatalog or ArGIS Pro, with an SQL Server Database, the following error appears:

Error: 
Failed to connect to database. This release of the GeoDatabase is either invalid or out of date. DBMS table not found [Microsoft ODBC Driver 1X for SQL Server]...

Cause

The machine does not meet the minimum compatibility requirements between ArcMap or ArcGIS Pro and the SQL Server Database.

Solution or Workaround

The corresponding SQL Server client library must be installed and/ or upgraded by the following the steps:

1. Log in to My Esri.
2. Go to My Organizations > Downloads tab.

3.  Click the All Versions tab, and in front of the product, select the version installed in the Version drop-down menu.
4. Next to the version drop-down menu, click on View Downloads.
5. Accept the Terms & Conditions.
6. Expand the Database Support Files menu, and download the SQL Server client compatible with your operating system and product: 32-bit or 64-bit.

• For validating the correct version to install, refer to Software required to connect to SQL Server.