Unable to publish the survey. GP Service response error

Error Message

When attempting to publish a survey from the ArcGIS Survey123 website to ArcGIS Enterprise, the following error message is returned:

Error:   
Unable to publish the survey. GP Service response error

Additionally, when attempting to publish the survey from ArcGIS Survey123 Connect, these error messages are returned:

Error:   
GP Service response error. Error. code: 500

Error:   
Publishing failed to complete

Cause

The PublishingTools and PublishingToolsEx services are stopped.

Solution or Workaround

1. On the server machine, log in to the ArcGIS Server Administrator Directory.
2. On the Site Root - / page, under Resources, click services.
3. On the Folder - / page, under Folders, click System.
4. On the Folder - System page, under Services, click PublishingTools (GPServer).

5. Under Supported Operations, click start.

6. On the Start Service page, click Start.

7. Navigate to the Folder - System page, and under Services, click PublishingToolsEx (GPServer).
8. Repeat Steps 5 and 6 to restart the service.