ArcToolbox.exe has generated errors and will be closed by Windows

Error Message

Starting ArcToolbox produces any one the following errors:

"The instruction 0x0000000 referenced memory at 0x0000000 which could not be read."

"ArcToolbox.exe has generated errors and will be closed by Windows."

"ArcToolbox has encountered a problem and needs to close. We are sorry for the inconvenience."

Cause

The cause for this error is unknown.

Solution or Workaround

• Log into the computer as the administrator and test ArcToolbox. If it starts ensure the user account has at least Read/Write and Execute permissions to the $ArcGIS\bin directory and TEMP.
• Perform a clean reinstallation of the ArcGIS Desktop software.
• Reboot in Safe Mode and start ArcToolbox. If it opens, there is likely a conflict between Toolbox and a service running on the computer. The most common conflict to date is a piece of software called PrintLog, made by a company called Equitrac. Uninstall the PrintLog and test ArcToolbox.