ArcGIS Pro: Database Connection: Underlying DBMS error [unknown error. No extended error.]

Error Message

In ArcGIS Pro, creating a database connection to a SQL Server database fails and returns the following error message:

Error:
Database Connection: Underlying DBMS error [unknown error. No extended error.]

Cause

• The Microsoft Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) driver for SQL Server is not installed on the machine to make a connection to SQL Server.
• The installed ODBC driver is incompatible with the SQL Server version. Refer to Microsoft: Release life cycles for more information.

Solution or Workaround

Install a compatible ODBC driver for SQL Server on the machine. Refer to ArcGIS Pro: Install the ODBC driver for SQL Server and ArcGIS Enterprise: Software required to connect to SQL Server for more information.

Note: 
If the issue persists, verify whether multiple ODBC driver versions are installed on the machine. If more than one version is installed, uninstall the incompatible ODBC driver. Refer to Microsoft: Using Device Manager to uninstall devices and driver packages for instructions.