ArcGIS Pro: Could not update server tables and stored procedures. Error (-37)

Error Message

In some instances, when attempting to upgrade an enterprise geodatabase created with SQL Server, the process fails and returns the following error:

Error:
Executing: UpgradeGDB "<Geodatabase_Name>" PREREQUISITE_CHECK UPGRADE
Start Time: <Day_Month_Date> <Hours_Minutes_Seconds> <Year>
Paused the database for upgrade.
There are no active connections.
User has privileges required to upgrade.
Running Pre-Requisite check (C:\Users\<USERNAME>\AppData\Roaming\ESRI\ArcGISPro\<.sde_file_path>).
Instance supports XML type.
Updating server tables and stored procedures.
Successfully enabled database option ALLOW_SNAPSHOT_ISOLATION and READ_COMMITTED_SNAPSHOT.
Could not update server tables and stored procedures. (Error (-37)

)
Refer to upgrade logfiles for more details:
C:\Users\<USERNAME>\AppData\Local\Esri\ArcGISPro\GDBUpgrade.log
C:\Users\<USERNAME>\AppData\Local\Temp\10\sde_setup.log
Unpaused the database.
ERROR 001841: The class was not found%s.
Failed to execute (UpgradeGDB).
Failed at <Day_Month_Year> <Hours_Minutes_Seconds> (Elapsed Time: <Duration>)

Cause

• The user has insufficient permissions.
• The SDE user is assigned the sysadmin role.

Solution or Workaround

Warning:   
Esri recommends creating a full backup of the geodatabase before proceeding with the upgrade. This precaution helps prevent data loss and allows restoration of the geodatabase in case of any issues during the upgrade process.

Note:
In an enterprise geodatabase, the geodatabase administrator user type is also known as the Spatial Database Engine (SDE) user type, and only the SDE user type can upgrade the enterprise geodatabase. However, in SQL Server, if an SDE user type is not assigned, the upgrade can be performed by a database owner (dbo) schema user.

Upgrade the enterprise geodatabase with the necessary permissions. Refer to ArcGIS Pro: Upgrade an enterprise geodatabase in SQL Server for additional information.