Feature classes created in ArcMap opens in ArcGIS Pro 2.9.x but fails to open in ArcGIS Pro 3.x.

Workaround

Some of the corrupted feature classes can be recovered using the steps highlighted in this technical article, How To: Recover a Corrupted Feature Class in ArcGIS Pro or ArcMap (esri.com). Furthermore, if the user can still access the layers in an earlier version of the software, the user can copy or append the data to a newer layer, making it accessible in a newer version of the software. 

Schritte zur Reproduzierung